The Laboratory for Symbiotic Microbiome Sciences, established in August 502023, is a team dedicated to studying the complex interactions between symbiotic microbial ecosystems and their hosts. By advancing metagenomics-based observational techniques, we aim to identify microorganisms that con-tribute to the onset, exacerbation, or amelioration of various diseases associ-ated with the symbiotic microbiome. For example, we have recently identified strains of Tyzzerella nexilis, a commensal gut bacterium, that are involved in the progressive worsening of multiple sclerosis (MS). The progressive form of the disease (secondary progressive MS; SPMS), characterized by chronic neu-roinflammation and neurodegeneration, differs significantly in gut microbiome profiles from the non-progressive form (relapsing-remitting MS; RRMS). T. nexilis was significantly enriched in the gut microbiota of SPMS patients. De-tailed metagenomic analysis revealed that T. nexilis consists of two strains, A and B, and only strain B was enriched in SPMS patients. Genomic comparison between T. nexilis strains A and B revealed that strain B was characterized by an incredible number of mobile genetic elements (MGE) and the absence of various defense systems against MGE. In addition, microbial genes for sulfate reduction and flagellar formation, with pathogenic implications, were specific to T. nexilis strain B and were encoded on MGEs. These acquired genes were found to contain multiple pathogenic factors. Monocolonization of T. nexilis strain B rendered germ-free mice more susceptible to the induction of experi-mental autoimmune encephalomyelitis compared to T. nexilis strain A, suggest-ing a causal role in the progression of MS. These findings suggest the potential involvement of horizontally acquired genetic factors from specific gut bacterial strains in disease development.PREPRINT [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3716024/v1].Figure: A specific strain of Tyzzerella nexilis is associated with exacerbation of multiple scle-rosisComparative metagenomic analysis of the gut micro-biota between patients with RRMS and SPMS revealed a higher abundance of T. nexilis strain B in SPMS. Com-pared to strain A, T. nexilis strain B had highly abundant horizontally transferred genes such as flagella, with pathogenic implications. Monocolonization of germ-free mice with strain B exacerbated experimental autoim-mune encephalomyelitis compared to strain A.Recent Major PublicationsKurokawa R, Masuoka H, Takayasu L, Kiguchi Y, Ogata Y, Miura-Kawatsu R, Hattori M, Suda W. Recovery of mi-crobial DNA by agar-containing solution from extremely low-biomass specimens including skin. Sci Rep 13, 19666 (2023)Kawamoto S, Uemura K, Hori N, Takayasu L, Konishi Y, Katoh K, Matsumoto T, Suzuki M, Sakai Y, Matsudaira T, Adachi T, Ohtani N, Standley DM, Suda W, Fukuda S, Hara E. Bacterial induction of B cell senescence promotes age-related changes in the gut microbiota. Nat Cell Biol 25, 865-876 (2023)Aiyoshi T, Kakihara T, Watanabe E, Tanaka N, Ogata Y, Masuoka H, Kurokawa R, Fujishiro J, Masumoto K, Suda W. A comprehensive microbial analysis of pediatric patients with acute appendicitis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 56, 695-704 (2023)Invited presentationsWataru S. “Unraveling the Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Disease through Metagenomics” The 53rd Annual Meeting of Japanese Society for Pediatric Neurogastroenterology (Nagano, Japan) January 2024Wataru S. “Metagenomics Revealing Human Symbiotic Microbiome” The 60th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Mucosal Immunology, Seminar for young researcher (Tokyo, Japan) October 2023Laboratory for Symbiotic Microbiome SciencesTeam Leader: Wataru Suda
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